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Biota
Hypsiboas marianitae
EOL Text
Habitat and Ecology
Systems
- Terrestrial
- Freshwater
License | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/ |
Rights holder/Author | © International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources |
Source | http://www.iucnredlist.org/apps/redlist/details/10459 |
Diagnosis A moderate-sized species in the Hypsiboas pulchellus Group characterized by: (1) snout subacuminate in dorsal view and rounded in profile; (2) skin on dorsum smooth; (3) width of disc on finger III less than diameter of tympanum; (4) tarsal fold low, weak; (5) dorsal color pattern consisting of irregular blotches or reticulations; (6) flanks brown with pale spots; (7) posterior surfaces of thighs with cream and dark brown mottling.
License | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/ |
Rights holder/Author | Diego Arrieta, Esteban O. Lavilla, IABIN |
Source | No source database. |
This species is found east of the Andes from central Bolivia to northern Argentina. In Bolivia, it occurs from 450-2,000m asl in the Departments of Cochabamba, Chuquisaca, Tarija, and Santa Cruz (Duellman et al. 1997, De la Riva et al. 2000). In Argentina, it is found at 500-1,500m asl.
License | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/ |
Rights holder/Author | © International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources |
Source | http://www.iucnredlist.org/apps/redlist/details/10459 |
Is known from elevations of 700-2650 m on the eastern slopes of the Andes and Andean precordilleras from central Bolivia to northern Argentina.
License | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/ |
Rights holder/Author | Diego Arrieta, Esteban O. Lavilla, IABIN |
Source | No source database. |
Adult morphologyBased on 26 males and 6 females. Body robust; snout-vent length in males to 56.8 mm, in females to 56.5 mm; head width about equal to head length, not as wide as body; head width 31.0-37.0% (mean= 34.0) of snout-vent length; head length 32.0-36.0% (mean = 34.0) of snout-vent length; snout slightly subacuminate in dorsal view, rounded in profile; interorbital distance 114-183% (mean = 147) of width of eyelid; diameter of eye 102-151% (mean = 119) its distance from nostril; tympanum separated from eye by distance about equal to diameter of tympanum; diameter of tympanum 41.0-70.0% (mean = 55.0) of diameter of eye. Breadth of forearm 64.3-73.9 (mean = 68.1, n = 10) of forearm length in males, 40.544.3 (mean = 43.2, n = 4) in females; ulnar markings, labial, fold proximally and row of low, round tubercles distally on forearm; fingers webbed; width of disc on Finger III slightly less than diameter of tympanum; prepollex blunt, projecting at right angle in male, short, blunt in female; nuptial spines absent and nuptial excrescences absent in breeding males. Hind limb moderately slender; tibia length 50.0-59.0% (mean = 54.0) of snout-vent length; foot length 41.0-52.0% (mean = 44.0) of snout-vent length; inner tarsal fold low, weak, curved; inner metatarsal tubercle ovoid, widest proximally, not visible from above; toes webbed. Skin on dorsum and flanks smooth. Dentigerous processes of vomers moderately long, transverse, narrowly separated medially, posteromedial to rounded choanae, each bearing total 6-22 (mean = 12.3) teeth. Color in preservative: Side of head and dorsal surfaces of head, body, and limbs tan, gray, or brown, uniform to boldly patterned with irregular small dark markings (forming network pattern in some individuals), irregular large dark blotches, or transverse dark bars; flanks usually with dark markings (encircling creamy-white spots in some individuals); same kind of pattern usually present on anterior and posterior surfaces of thighs; dorsal surfaces of limbs usually unpatterned, but with indistinct transverse dark bars in some; creamy-white labial stripe usually present; transverse cream stripe above cloacal opening; venter cream, tan, or gray; throat and chest with or without brown flecks; palmar and plantar surfaces same color as limbs. Color in life: The dorsal ground color usually is tan or brown, but a few individuals are vivid green. Larval morphology A typical specimen in Stage 36 has the following measurements: total length, 39.9 mm; body length, 15.7 mm; tail muscle height at base, 4.1 mm; tail muscle width at base, 3.5 mm; maximum dorsal fin height, 4.3 mm, located 15.5 mm from body terminus; maximum ventral fin height, 2.9 mm, located 16.2 mm from body terminus; body width, 8.4 mm; body height, 6.0 mm; eye diameter, 2.0 mm; pupil diameter, 0.9 mm; interorbital distance, 3.9 mm; greatest and least nostril diameters, 0.6 x 0.3 mm; intemarial distance, 2.7 mm; snout-nostril, 2.6 mm; snout-eye, 5.0 mrn; snoutspiracle, 7.6 mm; eye-nostril, 1.6 mm; transverse oral disc diameter, 4.1 mm. Other major characteristics of H. marianitae tadpoles include a ventral oral disc, marginal papillae with median gap on the upper labium, sinistral spiracle, dorsolaterally positioned eyes, dextral vent, the dorsal fin terminating at the dorsal extent of the tail-body junction and the tail having a pointed terminus; the labial tooth row formulae is 2(2)/4. The spiracle is sinistral. Its outer wall is longer than the inner and emerges ventrolaterally at about midlength of the body. The inner wall of the spiracular tube is attached to the body for almost its entire length; only at the very terminal end it is free. The free tube is directed posterodorsally and narrows at a round, posteriorly and slightly dorsally directed aperture. The vent tube is dextral at the posterolateral surface of a large saccular struc:ure that underlies the limb buds and is contiguous with the ventral fin on the right body side. The vent aperture is directed posteroventrally. The eyes are dorsolateral, directed laterally and slightly dorsally. The nares are oval, slightly medial to the centre of the eyes, recessed and slightly rimmed; the rim of the medial edge is weakly raised. The snout is acutely rounded in dorsal and lateral view. The body is elongately ovoid in dorsal view; in lateral view, it is depressed both dorsally and ventrally becoming deeper posteriorly. The oral disc is slightly emarginate posterolaterally and is almost completely circumscribed by marginal papillae with a prominent median gap in about the middle fifth of the upper labium; marginal papillae are fewer medially on the lower labium, sometimos forming a trace of a small median gap. Laterally, there are several submarginal papillae and flaps. Little variation exists in the labial tooth row formulae : one specimen has weak traces of an additional peripheral tooth row on the upper labium (occasionally on one side only); in some, the individual tooth rows are slightly torn (probably due to collection or preservation). All labial tooth rows consist of relatively long, closely spaced teeth. The upper jaw sheath is moderate in width, widely arched and finely serrate. The lower sheath is narrow, broadly V-shaped and finely serrate. The caudal musculature is highest at the tail-body junction and is the same posteriorly to midlength of tail, where it narrows gradually to the pointed terminus of the tail. The dorsal fin terminates at the dorsal tail-body junction; it is highest at about two thirds to three fourth length of tail and is approximately equal to musculature height at midlength of tail (taller posteriorly and shorter anteriorly). The ventral fin is shorter than the dorsal one, except for the extreme anterior and posterior portior~s,w hich are the same height as the dorsal fin. The ventral fin is equal to the musculature slightly before midlength of tail; it is shorter anleriorly and taller posteriorly. The greatest height of tail is on its posterior third to fourth. In preservative, the dorsal and lateral surfaces of the body are almost uniformly pigmented with greyish brown chromatophores. Pign~e~~tatiios n discontinuous at the posterior portion of the dorsum and below the eyes, resembling pale brownish areas. Colour pattern (i.e. dark brown spots or white flecks) is absent. Thc venter usually lacks pigment; if present, it only exists ventrolaterally; the intestine is clearly visible. Dorsal melanophores continue dorsolaterally, forming a line along the anterior one half or two thirds of the caudal musculature, and occasionally laterally; posteriorly they become continuously less frequent. The remainder of the tail musculature is yellowish cream with small brown blotches for its entire length. The fins are transparent with several scattered melanophores (the majority of which is always on the dorsal fin), in most specimens forming diffuse, pale brown blotches. In life, the body was dark brown, with pale brown and reddish or whitish bronze lichenous marks dorsally; the density of marks increased laterally. The belly was silvery grey with bronze markings, most of .;vhich were ventrolaterally. The caudal musculature was tan with pale to dark brown mottling and a dark brown dorsolateral line along the anterior one half or two thirds of tail; the fins were translucent with tan flecks. The iris was reddish bronze (taken from colour slides).
License | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/ |
Rights holder/Author | Diego Arrieta, Esteban O. Lavilla, IABIN |
Source | No source database. |
Red List Criteria
Year Assessed
Assessor/s
Reviewer/s
Contributor/s
License | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/ |
Rights holder/Author | © International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources |
Source | http://www.iucnredlist.org/apps/redlist/details/10459 |
LC. Least Concern.
License | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/ |
Rights holder/Author | Diego Arrieta, Esteban O. Lavilla, IABIN |
Source | No source database. |
Population
Population Trend
License | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/ |
Rights holder/Author | © International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources |
Source | http://www.iucnredlist.org/apps/redlist/details/10459 |
Major Threats
License | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/ |
Rights holder/Author | © International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources |
Source | http://www.iucnredlist.org/apps/redlist/details/10459 |
Conservation Actions
License | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/ |
Rights holder/Author | © International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources |
Source | http://www.iucnredlist.org/apps/redlist/details/10459 |